LED COP LIGHTS USING MICRO-CONTROLLER (ARDUINO) !!

LED COP LIGHTS USING MICRO-CONTROLLER (ARDUINO)  !!

STEP 1: Things You Will Need:

1. Arduino (UNO)

2.Breadboard x1

 3. Blue Led x1

4.Red LED  x 1

 

 5.Jumper wires

 

STEP 2:CIRCUIT DIAGRAM

 

STEP3: UPLOADING THE CODE

Upload the following code to your arduino.

int ledDelay = 50; // delay by 50ms
int redPin = 9;
int bluePin = 11;


void setup() {
pinMode(redPin, OUTPUT);
pinMode(bluePin, OUTPUT);

}

void loop() 
{

digitalWrite(redPin, HIGH); // turn the red light on
delay(ledDelay); // wait 50 ms

digitalWrite(redPin, LOW); // turn the red light off
delay(ledDelay); // wait 50 ms

digitalWrite(redPin, HIGH); // turn the red light on
delay(ledDelay); // wait 50 ms

digitalWrite(redPin, LOW); // turn the red light off
delay(ledDelay); // wait 50 ms

digitalWrite(redPin, HIGH); // turn the red light on
delay(ledDelay); // wait 50 ms

digitalWrite(redPin,L
OW); // turn the red light off
delay(ledDelay); // wait 50 ms

delay(100); // delay midpoint by 100ms

digitalWrite(bluePin, HIGH); // turn the blue light on
delay(ledDelay); // wait 50 ms

digitalWrite(bluePin, LOW); // turn the blue light off
delay(ledDelay); // wait 50 ms

digitalWrite(bluePin, HIGH); // turn the blue light on
delay(ledDelay); // wait 50 ms

digitalWrite(bluePin, LOW); // turn the blue light off
delay(ledDelay); // wait 50 ms

digitalWrite(bluePin, HIGH); // turn the blue light on
delay(ledDelay); // wait 50 ms

digitalWrite(bluePin, LOW); // turn the blue light off
delay(ledDelay); // wait 50 ms


}

STEP 4: ENJOY 

Line Following Robot Without Using Micro-controller !!

Line Following Robot Without Using Micro-controller !!

Difficulty Rating : 3/10

Ever wanted to make a Line follower Robot, 'without' using  Micro controller ???
Then you have visited a right place.

Inspiration:

I  it was my dream to make this Robot on my own. I goggled for it & got many designs, but all Micro controller based.

For my inter school competition  i made a proposal to make a Micro controller based LFR( Line follower Robot). So, started the designing...

And to my surprise, the design was not at all tough at all my school teachers appreciated it and i got first prize in the competition and got selected for the state level competition.

Components : 

• High power LED (5mm) - 2 to 4
• LDR's -2 to 4
• Preset 20k -2 to 4
• 220 Ohm Resistors -2 to 4
• L293d -1
• Geared motors -2
• Chassis
• 4.8V NiMh rechargeable battery
• Burg strip, 2 pin relimat & other secondary stuff.

Circuit Diagram

Working principle: 

Our 9th grade science book has taught us that, when light falls on white surface, it gets reflected. When it falls on black surface (or any dark surface) light gets completely absorbed by it. How is this concept applied here? The sensor module has two LED-LDR sensor pair mounted on it (Minimum two is required. You can use any number). The LED or light emitting diode is a semiconductor light source which we will be using. I had used a 5mm white LED for my project. Also, LDR or Light dependent resistor is used here as a Light sensor. It senses the reflected light; i.e light transmitted by the LED and reflected from the surface. If the surface is white, LDR will detect the light. In case the sensor is placed over black surface, LDR cannot detect any light, as the black surface has absorbed all the light.

How Robot follows Line:
(Here I have used two LED-LDR sensor pair instead of four)

Please try to understand that the Left sensor-pair is connected to the left Motor and Right sensor-pair is connected to the right Motor. Notice that the sensor (Either left or right), from which the arrow is pointing outwards is our white LED (transmitter) which emits white light and the one on which arrow is pointed to is LDR or Light dependent resistor (Receiver). This LDR detects the amount of light that will get reflected from the surface, depending on whether the surface is white or black-line.

Straight

Left turn

Right turn

How it Works:

This Line Follower Robot basically use a Cadmium Sulphide (CdS) photocell sensor or known as Light Dependent Resistor (LDR) and the high intensity white Light Emitting Diode (5mm LED) to illuminate the area under the LDR sensor to sense the black track line. The LDR will decreases its resistance in the presence of light and increase its resistance in the dark. The region under the LDR is illuminate with a high intensity white LED, the white surface will reflect most of the light to the LDR surface while the black track line will absorb most of the light, therefore less light will reflect to the LDR surface. The 20KOhm trimpot and LDR basically is the voltage divider circuit. When the LDR detects the black track line it will receive less light intensity (LDR resistance increase). Result, the geared DC motor will turn slowly or stop. When the LDR on the white surface it will receive maximum light intensity (LDR resistance decrease) . Result, the geared DC motor will turn fast.

The IC L293D is a motor driver IC, used for boosting current levels, large enough to 'drive' the DC motors.

This is the pic of my 1st prototype using Breadboard (2 LED-LDR sensor)